time. I saw no sluggishness, delay, want of energy, or want of anything for a preparation to meet and fight the enemy; on the contrary, everything was brought into requisition, it seemed to me, that any man or set of men could have exercised for the purpose of moving against the enemy and driving him out.

Question. On what day was the battle of Richmond fought, general?

I do not know positively.

Cross-examination by the JUDGE-ADVOCATE:

Question. At what season of the year and for how long a time, general, is the Kentucky River fordable at the places you have located?

That depends entirely upon the dryness of the season. As a general thing it is fordable from the latter part of June or the 1st of July to November, unless we have heavy fall rains to raise the streams. Sometimes it is even beyond that time, commencing earlier and extending later into the season in cases of extreme drought.

Question. Are not the banks of the river high and steep and the fords therefore difficult to approach at the places you speak of?

At those main crossings the roads are good and the approaches comparatively easy; on the turnpike road they are uncommonly good. There are many other crossings besides those I have mentioned that are not so generally used, where the approaches to them are more difficult to travel, not being worked so much. The cliffs of the river are precipitous on one side or the other nearly all the way up and at all the crossings, requiring much labor to make the crossings from the one side to the other practicable. They are less so on the other side.

Question. Enumerate those crossings, if you please, that you say are of easy access.

Schryock, which is on the from Lawrenceburg to Woodford County; McCowan's Ferry-that is on the road from Salvisa, and I believe a road from Lawrenceburg runs into it, crossing over toward Woodford County; Oregon-there is a turnpike road running to Oregon on the south side; Munday's Landing-there is a dirt road. I think, not a turnpike-from Harrodsburg to Woodford County and to Jessamine via Shakertown to Lexington-that is a very fine pike on both sides of the river; Lewis's Ferry-that is on the direct road to Shakertown from Lexington and Nicholasville-a very good road to the ferry. The main road from Danville to the mouth of Dick's River crosses several hundred yards above that. It is a fair dirt road, considering that it is not worked much. It has been somewhat injured by a railroad crossing the river there, over which there was to have been a suspension bridge. The crossing at the mouth of the river is approached by the best turnpike in the State; it is one of the best I ever saw. The crossing on the Tait's Creek road I know more about from information than from personal knowledge. It must be an excellent one from what I understand of it. The cliffs are not so high or precipitous as below the crossing at Sugar Creek. Most of the crossings I mention have pretty good roads at that season of the year. The turnpike crossing is good at all seasons.

Question. Are not these crossings of such a character that a comparatively small force could dispute the passage of an army over them?

Yes, sir; I think so. An inconsiderable force at almost any of the crossings eligibly situated could impede and prevent the passage of a larger force. There are a great many minor crossings, besides those I have mentioned, at which infantry and cavalry could cross, but not in such force; but at any of them an opposing force in proper position could prevent it. The cliffs of the river are so precipitous and of such generally difficult crossing that they could be crossed only at these places, and a force in position on either side, whichever force had possession of it, could hold it. It is a strong natural defense.

Question. When did Kirby Smith's army enter Kentucky, general?

I cannot state the exact date, just as I cannot state the date of the battle of Richmond. He entered the State about eight or ten days before the battle of Richmond; perhaps it was ten days.

Question. At what point did he enter Kentucky?

The forces entered Kentucky at different points. The main force of Kirby Smith's entered by Deep Creek Gap, I believe. Scott's force of cavalry or some other cavalry must have entered at Kirby Smith's left at a cons derable distance, and must have