toward Lexington. More troops were sent into Lexington, but not until General Wallace had been relieved by General Nelson. The battle of Richmond occurred directly afterward. The remnant of the forces up there that were not killed or captured retreated to Louisville. There were then massed at Louisville new troops from Indiana, Ohio, and Illinois. The new Department of the Ohio was created and General Wright assigned to the command. Other officers superior to me in rank-indeed an officer who was not superior to me in rank, by my consent and at my request, had the command, feeling he was better qualified than I was myself. The number of troops that were brought in from these States at that time, new regiments, I cannot state with accuracy, because reports were not made to me. General Nelson came down as soon as his wounds permit to Louisville and assumed command. Such returns as were made of the troops were made to him. Regiments arriving and reporting to me, supposing I was in command, I notified him of, and required the officers to report to him. I knew generally about the number of regiments and the approximate strength of the force, but I do not believe anybody knew it with any degree of certainty that such a fact ought to have been known at the time, owing to the great confusion, excitement, and alarm. I believe that the forces in Kentucky, exclusive of those who were at Covington and Newport and concentrated at Louisville, amounted to from 45,000 to 50,000. Probably there were 51,000 or 52,000, estimating the regiments and batteries as full, including between 4,500 to 5,000 that were at Munfordville and that were captured, leaving probably 44,000 to 36,000. My estimate of the force is founded, upon the number of regiments and batteries, as I now recollect them, that were there. There was a very small artillery force-two or three batteries and two or three that we improvised for the occasion. Such reports and returns that were made were, I presume, made to General Buell and to General Gilbert. Those returns would show approximately the force, though I doubt very much any such reports were made, or could have been made, as ought to have been made at that time, and especially after General Nelson got back, when he increased the excitement and alarm very much.

Question. Do you understand your estimate to cover the aggregate force; and, if so, about what would have been the effective force?

It is the aggregate force. I do not know what the effective force would have been of much a concern as that was. The men marched from camp, on the edge of the city, to the town, for the purpose of review and to learn how to march and to handle their guns. Large numbers of them broke down and one man was killed by sunstroke. I believe they were all raw regiments. I could not say what would have been the effective force.

Question. Do you remember the date of the arrival of the last division of General Thomas, of the Army of the Ohio, at Louisville?

I do not. I cannot remember the date with any degree of accuracy. I think that General Buell arrived there on the 26th or 27th of September, but I am not certain. I am merely stating the recollection I have of it now. General Thomas arrived there several days afterward.

Question. Did your position give you an opportunity of judging of the labor that was required to prepare the old army for further service and to complete the organization of that with the new force? If so, please state what your observation was with reference to it and whether it was done sluggishly or expeditiously.

I was left in command and continued in command at Louisville all the while when it arrived there and while it was there, with the exception of six or eight hours, when I was assigned to the command of a division, but was afterward ordered to remain at Louisville. I saw a good many of the troops. I knew probably most of the general officers of the army; I had served with it myself in the campaign to Shiloh and Corinth. I went to the camps of a portion of the force and to a brigade that I commanded at Shiloh. I heard a good deal of the condition of the men from the officers, and from all I heard and saw I thought the army was in rather a bad condition in some respects; it needed shoeing, clothing, and paying-inspiriting them by paying. They seemed to me to pretty much need everything that recruits just mustered in need. I think some of them were rearmed there.

I think the work of arming, shoeing, clothing, paying, and supplying them in every respect; combining the new with the old and organizing them into brigades and divisions and army corps; preparing them to march against the enemy; preparing all the provisions and supplies of subsistence and ammunition, and actually moving them, showed what struck me as wonderful energy, industry, and ability. I have never seen, known, heard, or read of anything evincing more in the same length of