tract of fine level country, but elevated above the beds of these creeks. The road mentioned in the question passes above the source of most of these streams or crosses most of them high up. The roads that run to the Kentucky River from the turnpike pass on the ridges and sometimes down the valleys of these streams. One of them is a turnpike road from Lancaster to the Paint Lick Creek on the road to Richmond. I believe there is a turnpike partially made to the mouth of Sugar Creek from Lancaster; but of that I am not certain. The land near the Kentucky River, except in the bottoms formed by these creeks and in other bottoms of the river os rugged and broken. The cliffs of the river in same places are precipitous. The land is very rich, and it is a country very well settled. They have as good roads as can be made in a country as broken as this is.

Question. Are there very good roads passing along the river on the south side of it; is the country up and down the river considered to be practicable for wagons, and are there any roads by which an army can move with facility?

All the roads up and down the river are at right angles with these streams, which break and cut up the country. There are country roads passing up near the river that are made for the purpose of traveling up the river so far as to fall into the roads that lead to the county seat of Lancaster. There is no public road that I remember running parallel with the river or nearly so that is near to the river. The road from Lancaster to Richmond by the mouth of Paint Lick Creek is a good road, but it does not run exactly parallel with the river, though its general direction is in a line with that of the river. It would be very difficult for an army to pass up near the river with all the equipage of an army on those roads.

Question. What is the character of the Tait's Ferry road?

It is a very good road. At that season of the year it is a very eligible road for traveling. I think it is very much traveled to Richmond and to Madison County at that season of the year.

Question. Do you know whether a portion of Kirby Smith's force used that road in invading the State last summer?

I know it only as it was communicated to me officially. I have no personal knowledge of it. I have no doubt that they did use it, from information received by me.

Question. That is a road leading from Richmond to Lexington, os it not?

Yes, sir.

Question. How far below the Clay's Ferry road does that cross the Kentucky River?

I really cannot say with any certainty. I think it must be 10 or 12 miles.

Question. According to the best information you were able to obtain what do you consider to be the force with Kirby Smith entered Kentucky in August last?

I have no accurate knowledge about the matter; of course any estimate that I would give would be but an approximation.

Question. What I want is the estimate you made about that time.

I believed at the time, and felt no doubt about it, that his force was from 15,000 to 20,000 strong. I believed afterward that his force was even greater than that; probably 25,000.

Question. Does this estimate include the troops commanded by Humphrey Marshall and the force that subsequently came in under the command of Stevenson?

I do not mean embrace the force of Marshall or Stevenson either. They both came in some time after Kirby Smith entered the state-after the battle of Richmond.

Question. Under all the circumstances of that invasion, was it fair to believe, and is that your opinion, that it had for its object to hold the State to secure it to the Southern Confederacy?

I think that was a very reasonable and natural inference. I think that was their